word is אדם, “humankind.” The counterpoint is between words for exaltation and for humiliation. In this passage (v 9) humanity is degraded and humbled by idolatry. The following passage (vv 11–22) views the sin in opposite terms. Idolatry is seen as a symbol of human ambition and pride (v 18), which will be judged. For YHWH alone can be exalted. This, too, is a major theme for the book of Isaiah. Israel, Judah, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem cannot accept the servant role. This determination to